Alprazolam, commonly known by its brand name Xanax, is a prescription medication used to treat anxiety disorders, panic disorders, and anxiety related to depression. It is a member of the benzodiazepine class, which works by enhancing the effects of a neurotransmitter in the brain called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This action helps to produce a calming effect on the central nervous system, alleviating symptoms of anxiety and panic.